Il Canto degli Italiani

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=20

Goffredo = Mameli, author=20 of the text of the Italian national anthem

=20

Michele Novaro, = composer=20 of the music

Il Canto degli Italiani (The Song of the Italians) is = the Italian national = anthem. It is=20 best known among Italians as Inno di Mameli (Mameli's = Hymn) and=20 sometimes referred to as Fratelli d'Italia (Brothers of = Italy),=20 from its incipit.

The words were written in the autumn of 1847 in Genoa, by the then = 20-year-old=20 student and patriot Goffredo = Mameli, in a=20 climate of popular struggle for unification and independence of Italy = which=20 foreshadowed the war = against=20 Austria.

Two months later, they were set to music in Turin by another Genoese, Michele Novaro. = The hymn=20 enjoyed widespread popularity throughout the period of the Risorgimento and = in the=20 following decades.

After unification (1861) the adopted = national anthem=20 was the Marcia Reale (or = Fanfara=20 Reale), official hymn of the royal house of = Savoy=20 composed in 1831 to=20 order of Carlo = Alberto di=20 Savoia. The Marcia Reale remained the Italian national anthem = until=20 the birth= of the=20 republic.

It was not by chance, however, that Giuseppe Verdi, = in his=20 Inno=20 delle Nazioni (Hymn of the Nations), composed for the London=20 International Exhibition of 1862, chose Il Canto degli = Italiani =E2=80=93 and=20 not the Marcia Reale =E2=80=93 to represent Italy, putting it = beside God Save the = Queen=20 and the Marseillaise.

From 1922 to 1943, the = fascist=20 period, each public performance of the Marcia Reale was followed = by the=20 hymn of the Partito = Nazionale=20 Fascista, entitled Giovinezza.

On October 12, 1946, Italy became a republic, and=20 Il Canto degli Italiani was, provisionally, chosen as the = country's new=20 national anthem. This choice was officialized in law only on November=20 17, 2005, almost=20 60 years later.

1 History=20
2 Lyrics=20
3 Controversy=20
4 Audio=20
5 External = links=20

[edit]=20 History

The first manuscript of the poem [1],=20 preserved at the Istituto=20 Mazziniano in Genoa, appears in a personal copybook of the poet, = where he=20 collected notes, thoughts and other writings. Of uncertain dating, the=20 manuscript reveals anxiety and inspiration at the same time. The poet = begins=20 with =C3=88 sorta dal feretro (It's risen from the bier) = then seems to=20 change his mind: leaves some room, begins a new paragraph and writes = "Evviva=20 l'Italia, l'Italia s'=C3=A8 desta" (Hurray Italy, Italy has = awakened).=20 Handwriting appears nervy and frenetic, with the numerous typos, among = which=20 "Ilia" for "Italia" and "Ballilla" for "Balilla".

The last strophe is deleted by the author, to the point of being = barely=20 readable. It was dedicated to Italian women:

Italian

Tessete o fanciulle=20

bandiere e coccarde=20

fan l'alme gagliarde=20

l'invito d'amor

English

Weave o maidens=20

flags and cockades=20

make souls gallant=20

the invitation of love=20

The second manuscript is the copy that Mameli sent to Novaro for = setting it=20 to music. It shows a much steadier handwriting, fixes misspellings and = has a=20 significant modification: the incipit is "Fratelli d'Italia". This copy = is in Museo=20 del Risorgimento in Turin.

The hymn was also printed on leaflets in Genoa, by the printing = office Casamara.=20 The Istituto Mazziniano has a copy of these, with hand annotations by = Mameli=20 himself. This sheet, subsequent to the two manuscripts, lacks the last = strophe=20 ("Son giunchi che piegano...") for fear of censorship. These leaflets = were to be=20 distributed on the December 10 demonstration, in Genoa.

December 10, 1847 was a historical day for Italy: the demonstration = was=20 officially dedicated to the 101st anniversary of the popular rebellion = which led=20 to the expulsion of the Austrian powers from the city; in fact it was an = excuse=20 to protest against foreign occupations in Italy and induce Carlo Alberto = to=20 embrace the Italian cause of liberty. In this occasion the tricolor flag = was=20 shown and the Mameli's hymn was publicly sung for the first time.

After December 10 the hymn spread all over the Italian peninsula, = brought by=20 the same patriots that participated to the Genoa demonstration.

[edit]=20 Lyrics

Music of=20 Italy
Genres:	Classical:=20 Opera Pop: Rock (Hardcore) - = Hip hop = - Folk = - jazz - Progressiv= e=20 rock
History = and=20 Timeline
Awards	Italian = Music=20 Awards
Charts	Federation=20 of the Italian Music Industry
Festivals	San= remo=20 Festival - Umbria = Jazz=20 Festival - Ravello = Festival=20 - Festival = dei=20 Due Mondi - Festivalbar
Media	Music = media in=20 Italy
National = anthem	Il Canto degli=20 Italiani
Regional=20 scenes
Aosta=20 Valley - Abruzzo = - Basilicata = -=20 Calabria - = Campania - = Emilia-Roma= gna=20 - Florence - = Friu= li-Venezia=20 Giulia - Genoa - = Latium - = Liguria = - Lombardy - = Marche - = Milan - = Molise - = Naples - = Piedmont - = Puglia - = Rome - Sardinia - = Sicily - = Trentino-Alto=20 Adige/S=C3=BCdtirol - Tuscany = - Umbria - = Veneto - = Venice
Related=20 topics
Opera = houses=20 - Music = conservatories - Terminolo= gy

This is the complete text of the original poem written by Goffredo = Mameli;=20 however the Italian anthem, as performed in every official occasion, is = composed=20 of the first stanza, sung twice, and the chorus, then ends with a loud = "S=C3=AC!"=20 ("Yes!"). The rest of the poem refers to relevant episodes of the = Italian=20 struggle for unification and independence.

Italian lyrics=20

Fratelli d'Italia,=20

l'Italia s'=C3=A8 desta,=20

dell'elmo di Scipio=20

s'=C3=A8 cinta la testa.=20

Dov'=C3=A8 la Vittoria?=20

Le porga la chioma,=20

che schiava di Roma=20

Iddio la cre=C3=B2.

CORO:=20

Stringiamoci a coorte,=20

siam pronti alla morte.=20

Siam pronti alla morte,=20

l'Italia chiam=C3=B2.=20

Stringiamoci a coorte,=20

siam pronti alla morte.=20

Siam pronti alla morte,=20

l'Italia chiam=C3=B2!

Noi fummo da secoli=20

calpesti, derisi,=20

perch=C3=A9 non siam popolo,=20

perch=C3=A9 siam divisi.=20

Raccolgaci un'unica=20

bandiera, una speme:=20

di fonderci insieme=20

gi=C3=A0 l'ora suon=C3=B2.

CORO

Uniamoci, amiamoci,=20

l'unione e l'amore=20

rivelano ai popoli=20

le vie del Signore.=20

Giuriamo far libero=20

il suolo natio:=20

uniti, per Dio,=20

chi vincer ci pu=C3=B2?

CORO

Dall'Alpi a Sicilia=20

Dovunque =C3=A8 Legnano,=20

Ogn'uom di Ferruccio=20

Ha il core, ha la mano,=20

I bimbi d'Italia=20

Si chiaman Balilla,=20

Il suon d'ogni squilla=20

I Vespri suon=C3=B2.

CORO

Son giunchi che piegano=20

Le spade vendute:=20

Gi=C3=A0 l'Aquila d'Austria=20

Le penne ha perdute.=20

Il sangue d'Italia,=20

Il sangue Polacco,=20

Bev=C3=A9, col cosacco,=20

Ma il cor le bruci=C3=B2.

CORO

English translation=20

Brothers of Italy,=20

Italy has awoken,=20

with Scipio's=20 helmet=20

binding her head.=20

Where is Victory?=20

Let her bow down,=20

For God has made her=20

Rome's = slave.=20

CHORUS:=20

Let us join in cohort,=20

We are ready to die!=20

Italy has called!=20

Let us join in cohort,=20

We are ready to die!=20

Italy has called!=20

We were for centuries=20

Downtrodden and derided,=20

because we are not one people,=20

because we ar= e=20 divided.=20

Let one flag, one=20 hope=20

gather us all.=20

The hour has struck=20

for us to join together!=20

CHORUS=20

Let us unite and love one another;=20

Union and love=20

Show the people=20

The way of the Lord=20

Let us swear to free=20

Our native soil;=20

United under God,=20

Who can defeat us? =

CHORUS=20

From the Alps to = Sicily, =

Legnano=20 is everywhere;=20

Every man has the heart=20

and hand of Ferruccio=20

The children of Italy=20

Are all called Balilla;=20

Every trumpet blast=20

sounds the Vespers.=20

CHORUS=20

Mercenary swords,=20

they're feeble reeds.=20

The Austrian=20 eagle=20

Has already lost its plumes.=20

The blood of Italy=20

and the Polish=20 blood=20

Was drank, along with the Cossack,=20

But it burned her heart.=20

CHORUS=20 =

[edit]=20 Controversy

Some people have discussed replacing Fratelli d'Italia with a=20 different anthem. The music of is viewed by some (both laymen and = experts) as=20 poor, especially when compared with the renowned Italian classical music = tradition (for example, Giuseppe Verdi = or Giacomo = Puccini). And=20 the lyrics, far from being universal, refer to some very specific = episodes in=20 Italian history that may have less meaning to some in the present = age.[citation = needed]

[edit]=20 Audio

Listen to the audio file (~2 Megs download):

Fratelli=20 D'Italia

Instrumental=20 version.

Problems=20 listening to the file? See media=20 help.

Listen to the Italian national anthem

[edit]=20 External links

Wikisource has = original text=20 related to this article:=20

Il=20 Canto degli Italiani

From=20 Quirinale, residence of the Head of State, lyrics and various=20 performances
(in Italian - to listen music click on "ascolta = l'inno",=20 just before the lyrics)

v =E2=80=A2 d =E2=80=A2 e

National = anthems=20 of Europe

National anthems of sovereign states

Albania =C2=B7 Andorra =C2=B7 Armenia =C2=B7 Au= stria =C2=B7 Azerbaijan =C2=B7 Belarus =C2=B7 Belgium =C2=B7 Bosnia and=20 Herzegovina =C2=B7 Bulgaria =C2=B7 Croatia =C2=B7 Cyprus =C2=B7 Czech=20 Republic =C2=B7 Denmark =C2=B7 Estonia =C2=B7 Finland =C2=B7 France =C2=B7 Georgia =C2=B7 Germany =C2=B7 Greece =C2=B7 Hungary =C2=B7 Iceland =C2=B7 Ireland<= SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> =C2=B7 Italy =C2=B7 Kazakhst= an =C2=B7 Latvia =C2=B7 Liechtenstein<= /A> =C2=B7 Lithuania= =C2=B7 Luxembourg =C2=B7 Macedonia,=20 Republic of =C2=B7 Malta =C2=B7 Moldova =C2=B7 Monaco =C2=B7 Monteneg= ro =C2=B7 Netherlands =C2=B7 Norway= =C2=B7 Poland =C2=B7 Portugal =C2=B7 Romania =C2=B7 Russia =C2=B7 San= =20 Marino =C2=B7 Serbia =C2=B7 Slovakia<= /A> =C2=B7 Slovenia =C2=B7 Spain =C2=B7 Sweden =C2=B7 Switzerland =C2=B7 = Turkey =C2=B7 Ukraine= =C2=B7 United=20 Kingdom =C2=B7 Vatican=20 City

National anthems of non-sovereign entities

Ad= ygea=20 (Russia) =C2=B7 =C3= =85land=20 (Finland) =C2=B7 Alsace= =20 (France) =C2=B7 Asturias= =20 (Spain) =C2=B7 Azores=20 (Portugal) =C2=B7 Basque=20 Country (Spain) =C2=B7=20 Brittany= =20 (France) =C2=B7 Catalonia=20 (Spain) =C2=B7 Cornwal= l=20 (UK) =C2=B7 = --> Crimea=20 (Ukraine) =C2=B7 European=20 Union =C2=B7 Faro= e=20 Islands (Denmark) =C2=B7=20 Flanders=20 (Belgium) =C2=B7 Frisia = (The=20 Netherlands) =C2=B7 Galicia=20 (Spain) =C2=B7 Gibraltar=20 (UK) =C2=B7 = Greenl= and=20 (Denmark) =C2=B7 Guernsey =C2=B7 Northern = Ireland=20 (UK) =C2=B7 = Jersey =C2=B7 R= epublic=20 of Karelia (Russia) =C2=B7 Macedonia=20 (Greece) =C2=B7 Madeira=20 (Portugal) =C2=B7 Isle = of=20 Man =C2=B7 Nagorno-Karab= akh=20 (Azerbaijan) =C2=B7 Occitania =C2=B7 Republika = Srpska=20 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) =C2=B7 Scotlan= d=20 (UK) =C2=B7 = Sealand=20 (UK) =C2=B7 = Svalba= rd=20 (Norway) =C2=B7 Tatarstan=20 (Russia) =C2=B7 Transnistria= =20 (Moldova) =C2=B7 = Turkish=20 Republic of Northern Cyprus (Cyprus) =C2=B7 Udmurtia=20 (Russia) =C2=B7 Wales = (UK) =C2=B7 = Wallonia=20 (Belgium)

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Il Canto degli Italiani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit]=20 History

[edit]=20 Lyrics

[edit]=20 Controversy

[edit]=20 Audio

[edit]=20 External links

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